函数释义
Python中默认安装的ftplib模块定义了FTP类，其中函数有限，可用来实现简单的ftp客户端，用于上传或下载文件，函数列举如下
ftp登陆连接from ftplib import FTP #加载ftp模块ftp=FTP() #设置变量ftp.set_debuglevel(2) #打开调试级别2，显示详细信息ftp.connect("IP","port") #连接的ftp sever和端口ftp.login("user","password") #连接的用户名，密码print ftp.getwelcome() #打印出欢迎信息ftp.cmd("xxx/xxx") #进入远程目录bufsize=1024 #设置的缓冲区大小filename="filename.txt" #需要下载的文件file_handle=open(filename,"wb").write #以写模式在本地打开文件ftp.retrbinaly("RETR filename.txt",file_handle,bufsize) #接收服务器上文件并写入本地文件ftp.set_debuglevel(0) #关闭调试模式ftp.quit() #退出ftpftp相关命令操作ftp.cwd(pathname) #设置FTP当前操作的路径ftp.dir() #显示目录下所有目录信息ftp.nlst() #获取目录下的文件ftp.mkd(pathname) #新建远程目录ftp.pwd() #返回当前所在位置ftp.rmd(dirname) #删除远程目录ftp.delete(filename) #删除远程文件ftp.rename(fromname, toname)#将fromname修改名称为toname。ftp.storbinaly("STOR filename.txt",file_handel,bufsize) #上传目标文件ftp.retrbinary("RETR filename.txt",file_handel,bufsize) #下载FTP文件 FTP.quit()与FTP.close()的区别
- FTP.quit():发送QUIT命令给服务器并关闭掉连接。这是一个比较“缓和”的关闭连接方式，但是如果服务器对QUIT命令返回错误时，会抛出异常。
- FTP.close()：单方面的关闭掉连接，不应该用在已经关闭的连接之后，例如不应用在FTP.quit()之后。
例1：下载、上传文件
#coding: utf-8from ftplib import FTPimport timeimport tarfile#!/usr/bin/python#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-from ftplib import FTPdef ftpconnect(host, username, password): ftp = FTP() #ftp.set_debuglevel(2) #打开调试级别2，显示详细信息 ftp.connect(host, 21) #连接 ftp.login(username, password) #登录，如果匿名登录则用空串代替即可 return ftp def downloadfile(ftp, remotepath, localpath): bufsize = 1024 #设置缓冲块大小 fp = open(localpath,'wb') #以写模式在本地打开文件 ftp.retrbinary('RETR ' + remotepath, fp.write, bufsize) #接收服务器上文件并写入本地文件 ftp.set_debuglevel(0) #关闭调试 fp.close() #关闭文件def uploadfile(ftp, remotepath, localpath): bufsize = 1024 fp = open(localpath, 'rb') ftp.storbinary('STOR '+ remotepath , fp, bufsize) #上传文件 ftp.set_debuglevel(0) fp.close() if __name__ == "__main__": ftp = ftpconnect("******", "***", "***") downloadfile(ftp, "***", "***") uploadfile(ftp, "***", "***") ftp.quit() 例2：上传、下载文件/目录
#coding:utf-8from ctypes import *import osimport sysimport ftplibclass myFtp: ftp = ftplib.FTP() bIsDir = False path = "" def __init__(self, host, port='21'): #self.ftp.set_debuglevel(2) #打开调试级别2，显示详细信息 #self.ftp.set_pasv(0) #0主动模式 1 #被动模式 self.ftp.connect( host, port ) def Login(self, user, passwd): self.ftp.login( user, passwd ) print self.ftp.welcome def DownLoadFile(self, LocalFile, RemoteFile): file_handler = open( LocalFile, 'wb' ) self.ftp.retrbinary( "RETR %s" %( RemoteFile ), file_handler.write ) file_handler.close() return True def UpLoadFile(self, LocalFile, RemoteFile): if os.path.isfile( LocalFile ) == False: return False file_handler = open(LocalFile, "rb") self.ftp.storbinary('STOR %s'%RemoteFile, file_handler, 4096) file_handler.close() return True def UpLoadFileTree(self, LocalDir, RemoteDir): if os.path.isdir(LocalDir) == False: return False print "LocalDir:", LocalDir LocalNames = os.listdir(LocalDir) print "list:", LocalNames print RemoteDir self.ftp.cwd( RemoteDir ) for Local in LocalNames: src = os.path.join( LocalDir, Local) if os.path.isdir( src ): self.UpLoadFileTree( src, Local ) else: self.UpLoadFile( src, Local ) self.ftp.cwd( ".." ) return def DownLoadFileTree(self, LocalDir, RemoteDir): print "remoteDir:", RemoteDir if os.path.isdir( LocalDir ) == False: os.makedirs( LocalDir ) self.ftp.cwd( RemoteDir ) RemoteNames = self.ftp.nlst() print "RemoteNames", RemoteNames print self.ftp.nlst("/del1") for file in RemoteNames: Local = os.path.join( LocalDir, file ) if self.isDir( file ): self.DownLoadFileTree( Local, file ) else: self.DownLoadFile( Local, file ) self.ftp.cwd( ".." ) return def show(self, list): result = list.lower().split( " " ) if self.path in result and " " in result: self.bIsDir = True def isDir(self, path): self.bIsDir = False self.path = path #this ues callback function ,that will change bIsDir value self.ftp.retrlines( 'LIST', self.show ) return self.bIsDir def close(self): self.ftp.quit()if __name__ == "__main__": ftp = myFtp('*****') ftp.Login('***','***') ftp.DownLoadFileTree('del', '/del1')#ok ftp.UpLoadFileTree('del', "/del1" ) ftp.close() print "ok!" 注：目录内为文件，若为目录则无法传输
例3：异常处理
#coding: utf-8#from ftplib import FTPimport ftplibimport socketimport osdef ftpconnect(ftp_info): try: ftp = ftplib.FTP(ftp_info[0]) except (socket.error, socket.gaierror): print "ERROR: cannot reach %s" % ftp_info[0] return None username = ftp_info[1] passwd = ftp_info[2] try: ftp.login(username, passwd) except ftplib.error_perm: print "ERROR: cannot login anonymously" ftp.quit() return None return ftpif __name__ == "__main__": info_list = ["10.19.3.199", "fastupdate_amap", "@utonavi&A.map"] ftp = ftpconnect(info_list) if not ftp: exit(1) bufsize = 1024 fname = "20150416113942674.tar.gz" fp = open(os.path.join(".", fname), 'wb') remotefile = os.path.join("/ADF++", fname) ftp.retrbinary("RETR " + remotefile, fp.write, bufsize) #是否有目录，没有就创建；有的话看是否有权限创建 a = ftp.dir() try: ftp.cwd("jimi") except ftplib.error_perm: try: ftp.mkd("jimi") except ftplib.error_perm: print "WARNING: U have no authority to make dir" finally: ftp.quit()